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and What are the different kinds of Doctypes available?
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration must be the very first thing in your HTML document, before the tag.
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not an HTML tag; it is an instruction to the web browser about what version of HTML the page is written in.
<!DOCTYPE html> // Tells the browser that we are using HTML5.
new features & tags in HTML5 such as <article>,< footer >, <header>,<nav>, <section> may not be supported if the <!DOCTYPE> is not declared.
Additionally, the browser may decide to automatically go into Quirks or Strict Mode.
Types of HTML DOCTYPES:
HTML5 and beyond
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
HTML 4.01
Strict
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
Transitional
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
Frameset
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
XHTML 1.0
Strict (quick reference)
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
Transitional
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
Frameset
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
XHTML 1.1 - DTD:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
XHTML Basic 1.1 (quick reference):
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd">
Historical doctype declarations
HTML 2.0 - DTD:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
HTML 3.2 - DTD:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
XHTML Basic 1.0 - DTD:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">